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What are environment variables and why are they used in Node.js?

Environment variables store configuration values outside application code. They are used for sensitive information such as database URLs, API keys, secrets, and deployment-specific settings. Packages like dotenv allow Node.js applications to load environment variables from .env files.

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JB

Jeevan Bhargav

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This answer is calibrated for technical interviews. Verify benchmarks in local sandboxes before deploying.